Thinking Syria

Thinking Syria is dedicated to promoting the work of the best analysts of the Syrian conflict, posting the latest news, and curating a live bibliography

Live Bibliography

 

Aymenn J Al-Tamimi

Al-Tamimi, Aymenn. “Labawat al-Jabal. A Druze Female Militia in Suwayda’ Province.” Syria Comment. October 14, 2016. http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/labawat-al-jabal-druze-female-militia/

Al-Tamimi, Aymenn. “Liwa al-Imam Zain al-Abidain: Building a ‘Resistance’ in Eastern Syria.” Syria Comment. September 18, 2016. http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/liwa-al-imam-zain-al-abidain-hezbollah-eastern-syria/

Aaron Zelin

Zelin, Aaron. “The Islamic State’s Views on Homosexuality.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. June 14, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-islamic-states-views-on-homosexuality

Zelin, Aaron. “The Islamic State’s Territorial Methodology.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. January 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote29-Zelin.pdf

Aron Lund

Lund, Aron. “A Voice From the Shadows.” Carnegie Middle East Center. November 25, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/66240?lang=en

Lund, Aron. “Constructively Ambiguous.” Carnegie Middle East Center. October 17, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64864

Lund, Aron. “A Secondary Thought.” Carnegie Middle East Center. October 14, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64849?lang=en

Lund, Aron. “The Slow, Violent Fall of Eastern Aleppo.” The Century Foundation. October 7, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/commentary/slow-violent-fall-eastern-aleppo/

Lund, Aron. “The UN Enters Syria’s Moral Labyrinth.” The Century Foundation. September 9, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64524?lang=en

Lund, Aron. “Will Darayya Normalize the Expulsion of Civilians.” Carnegie Middle East Center.  September 7, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64498

Lund, Aron. “Another Change of Fortune in Aleppo.” Carnegie Middle East Center. September 5, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64474

Lund, Aron. “After Murky Diplomacy, Turkey Intervenes in Syria.” Carnegie Middle East Center. August 24, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64398

Lund, Aron. “Bombers Over Hasakah: Assad Clashes With the Kurds.” Carnegie Middle East. August 22, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64375

Lund, Aron. “Manbij: A Dress Rehearsal for Raqqa.” Carnegie Middle East. August 10, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64270

Lund, Aron. “Why Islamic State Is Losing, and Why It Still Hopes to Win.” The Century Foundation. June 17, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/report/islamic-state-losing-still-hopes-win/

Lund, Aron. “The Merits of Minimalism in Syria’s Peace Process.” Carnegie Middle East Center. October 7, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/61531

Bill Roggio

Roggio, Bill and Caleb Weiss. “Hezbollah Brigades hurries troops to Mosul fight.” The Long War Journal. October 28, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/hezbollah-brigades-rushes-troops-to-mosul-fight.php

Roggio, Bill. “US airstrikes kill 8 al Qaeda operatives in central Yemen.” The Long War Journal. October 22, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/us-airstrikes-kill-8-al-qaeda-operatives-in-central-yemen.php

Roggio, Bill. “A ‘lasting defeat’ of the Islamic State will be elusive.” The Long War Journal. October 18, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/a-lasting-defeat-of-the-islamic-state-will-be-elusive.php

Roggio, Bill. “2 AQAP leaders reported killed in the latest US strikes in Yemen.” The Long War Journal. September 28, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/09/2-aqap-leaders-reported-killed-in-latest-us-strikes-in-yemen.php

Roggio, Bill. “US military kills Islamic State’s ‘Minister of Information.'” The Long War Journal. September 16, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/09/us-military-kills-islamic-states-minister-of-information.php

Charles Lister

Lister, Charles. “Monday Briefing: Regime Advances in Aleppo.” The Middle East Institute. November 28, 2016. http://www.mei.edu/content/article/monday-briefing-regime-advances-aleppo

Lister, Charles. “The Free Syrian Army: A decentralized insurgent brand.” Brookings. November, 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-free-syrian-army-a-decentralized-insurgent-brand/

Lister, Charles. “Trump’s Syria Strategy Would Be A Disaster.” Foreign Policy. November 17, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/11/17/trumps-syria-strategy-would-be-a-disaster/?utm_content=buffer10e6a&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

Lister, Charles. “#Syria’s opposition continue fighting Jund al-Aqsa.” Facebook. October 9, 2016. https://www.facebook.com/CharlesRLister/posts/954520941340984

Lister, Charles. “A Plan for Winding Down the Syrian Civil War: Surge, Freeze, and Enforce.” War on the Rocks. September 30, 2016. http://warontherocks.com/2016/09/a-plan-for-winding-down-the-syrian-civil-war/

Lister, Charles. “Russia Pummels Aleppo.” The Middle East Institute. September 26, 2016. http://www.mei.edu/content/article/monday-briefing-opec-aleppo-and-yemen

Lister, Charles. “A senior Ahrar al-Sham official gives a very revealing interview.” Facebook. September 21, 2016. https://www.facebook.com/CharlesRLister/posts/939133262879752

Lister, Charles. “Obama’s Syria Strategy Is the Definition of Insanity.” Foreign Policy. September 21, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/21/obamas-syria-strategy-is-the-definition-of insanity/utm_content=buffer96ad5&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer

Lister, Charles.”The Dawn of Mass Jihad: Success in Syria fuels Al-Qa’ida’s Evolution.” Combating Terrorism Center. September 7, 2016. https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-dawn-of-mass-jihad-success-in-syria-fuels-al-qaidas-evolution

Lister, Charles. “Bolstering opposition groups could be key to war on terror.” The New York Post. June 30, 2016. http://nypost.com/2016/06/30/bolstering-opposition-groups-could-be-key-to-war-on-terror/

Lister, Charles. “Al Qaeda Is About to Establish an Emirate in Northern Syria.” Foreign Policy. May 4, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/04/al-qaeda-is-about-to-establish-an-emirate-in-northern-syria/

Charlie Winter

Winter, Charlie. “How ISIS is Spinning the Mosul Battle.” The Atlantic. October 20, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/10/isis-mosul-propaganda-iraq-kurds-peshmerga/504854/

Winter, Charlie. “How ISIS Weaponized the Media After Orlando.” The Atlantic. June 17, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/06/isis-orlando-shooting/487574/

Bloom, Mia and Charlie Winter. “Depictions of Children and Youth in the Islamic State’s Martyrdom Propaganda, 2015-2016.” Combating Terrorism Center. February 18, 2016. https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/depictions-of-children-and-youth-in-the-islamic-states-martyrdom-propaganda-2015-2016

Winter, Charlie. “Women in the Islamic State.” Quilliam. February 2015. https://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/women-of-the-islamic-state3.pdf.

Clint Watts

Cole Bunzel 

Bunzel, Cole. “Jabhat al-Nusra’s Rebranding in the Eyes of the Islamic State.” Jihadica. September 22, 2016. http://www.jihadica.com/jabhat-al-nusras-rebranding

Dana Hadra

Hadra, Dana. “What tech companies can do to counter violent extremism.” Brookings. September 13, 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2016/09/13/what-tech-companies-can-do-to-counter-violent-extremism/

Daveed Gartenstein-Ross

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed. “Underestimating al Qaeda.” The Cipher Brief. October 13, 2016. https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column/agenda-setter/underestimating-al-qaeda-1089#.V_933BGNyv4.twitter

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed and Thomas Joscelyn. “Rebranding Terror: Nusra’s Rebranding is Part of Al-Qaeda’s Plan.” Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. August 28, 2016. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/gartenstein-ross-daveed-rebranding-terror/

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed. “Operation Hemorrahge: The Terror Plans to Wreck the West’s Economy.” The Daily Beast. March 24, 2016. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/24/operation-hemorrhage-the-terror-plans-to-wreck-the-west-s-economy.html

Denise Natali

Natali, Denise. “Turkey’s Kurdish Red Line in Syria and the Fight Against Isil.” War on the Rocks. September 14, 2016. http://warontherocks.com/2016/09/turkeys-kurdish-red-line-in-syria-and-the-fight-against-isil/

Fabrice Balanche

Balanche, Fabrice. “Status of the Syrian Rebellion, Numbers, Ideologies, and Prospects.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. November 22, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/status-of-the-syrian-rebellion-numbers-ideologies-and-prospects

Balanche, Fabrice. “Who Will Take al-Bab?.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. October 5, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/who-will-take-al-bab

Balanche, Fabrice. “What Will Year Two of Russia’s Syria Intervention Bring.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. September 16, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/what-will-year-two-of-russias-syria-intervention-bring

Balanche, Fabrice. “Rojava’s Sustainability and the PKK’s Regional Strategy.” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. August 24, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/rojavas-sustainability-and-the-pkks-regional-strategy

Genevieve Casagrande

Casagrande, Genevieve. “The Road to ar-Raqqah: Background on the Syrian Democratic Forces.” Institute for the Study of War. November 22, 2016. http://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/The%20Road%20to%20ar-Raqqah%20ID%20FINAL.pdf

Hassan Hassan

Hassan, Hassan. “Shia militia law adds to the challenges in Iraq.” The National. November 27, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/shia-militia-law-adds-to-the-challenges-in-iraq#full

Hassan, Hassan. “Local resistance is the way to stop ISIL impetus.” The National. November 20, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/local-resistance-is-the-way-to-stop-isil-impetus#page2

Hassan, Hassan. “Al Baghdadi’s speech sets a trap for the US.” The National. November 6, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/al-baghdadis-speech-sets-a-trap-for-the-us

Hassan, Hassan. “The battle for Mosul is a struggle for Iraq itself.” The National. October 16, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/the-battle-for-mosul-is-a-struggle-for-iraq-itself#full

Hassan, Hassan. “As rebel factions fracture, hardliners seek to prosper.” The National. October 10, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/as-rebel-factions-fracture-hardliners-seek-to-prosper#page2

Hassan, Hassan. “A Breakthrough for Russia and the Regime in Syria.” The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. October 7, 2016. http://timep.org/commentary/a-breakthrough-for-russia-and-the-regime-in-syria/

Hassan, Hassan. “The US focus on JFS ignores the real battleground.” The National. September 25, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/the-us-focus-on-jfs-ignores-the-real-battleground#page2

Hassan, Hassan. “Is Islamic State finished?” Interview by Helena Merriman. BBC. 

Hassan, Hassan. “America’s errors are aiding former Al Qaeda group.” The National. September 18, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/americas-errors-are-aiding-former-al-qaeda-group

Hassan, Hassan. “The Imperfect world of the new deal on Syria.” The National. September 11, 2016. http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/the-imperfect-world-of-the-new-deal-on-syria

Jenan Moussa

Jennifer Cafarella

Cafarella, Jennifer et al. “Warning Update: Al-Qaeda’s Global Attack Campaign.” The Institute for the Study of War. November 6, 2016. http://iswresearch.blogspot.com/2016/11/warning-update-al-qaedas-global-attack.html

Cafarella, Jennifer et al. “Al Qaeda is Gaining Strength in Syria.” The Institute for the Study of War. September 1, 2016. http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Cafarella-Heras-Casagrande%20Foreign%20Policy%20Syria%20OpEd–AUG%202016.pdf

Cafarella, Jennifer and Katherine Zimmerman. “Avoiding al Qaeda’s Syria Trap: Jabhat al Nusra’s Rebranding.” The Institute for the Study of War. July 28, 2016. http://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/avoiding-al-qaedas-syria-trap-jabhat-al-nusras-rebranding

JM Berger

Berger, JM. “Nazis vs. ISIS on Twitter: A Comparative Study of White Nationalist and ISIS Online Social Media Networks.” George Washington Program on Extremism. September 2016. https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/Nazis%20v.%20ISIS%20Final_0.pdf

Berger, JM. “The Social Apocalypse: A Forecast.” Intelwire. August 31, 2016. http://news.intelwire.com/2016/08/the-social-apocalypse-forecast.html

Berger, JM and Heather Perez. “The Islamic State’s Diminishing Returns on Twitter: How suspensions are limiting the social networks of English-speaking ISIS supporters.” George Washington Program on Extremism. February, 2016. https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/Berger_Occasional%20Paper.pdf

Berger, JM. “Tailored Online Interventions: The Islamic States’s Recruitment Strategy.” Combating Terrorism Center. October 23, 2015. https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/tailored-online-interventions-the-islamic-states-recruitment-strategy

Berger, JM and Jonathon Morgan. “The ISIS Twitter census. Defining and describing the population of ISIS supporters on Twitter.” Brookings. March 5, 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-isis-twitter-census-defining-and-describing-the-population-of-isis-supporters-on-twitter/

Joshua Landis

Kyle Orton

Orton, Kyle. “What can we expect after the fall of Aleppo?” TRTWorld. November 29, 2016. http://www.trtworld.com/opinion/what-can-we-expect-after-the-fall-of-aleppo-241030

Orton, Kyle. “Analysis: ‘Trump Might Continue Obama’s Dangerous Syria Policy.'” Henry Jackson Society. November 24, 2016. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/2016/11/24/analysis-trump-might-continue-obamas-dangerous-syria-policy/

Orton, Kyle. “Analysis: ‘Turkey Continues to Protest the Coalition’s Syrian Kurdish Allies.'” Henry Jackson Society. November 22, 2016. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/2016/11/22/analysis-turkey-continues-to-protest-the-coalitions-syrian-kurdish-allies/

Orton, Kyle. “Analysis: ‘An Ideological Founder of Islamic State is Killed in Syria.'” Henry Jackson Society. November 20, 2016. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/2016/11/20/analysis-an-ideological-founder-of-islamic-state-is-killed-in-syria/

Orton, Kyle. “Analysis: ‘Coalition Allies Play Into Islamic State’s Hands.'” Henry Jackson Society. November 14, 2016. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/2016/11/14/coalition-allies-play-into-islamic-states-hands/

Orton, Kyle. “Analysis: ‘America Escalates the War Against Al-Qaeda in Syria.” Henry Jackson Society. November 11, 2016. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/2016/11/11/america-escalates-the-war-against-al-qaeda-in-syria/

Orton, Kyle. “Russia Moves in For the Kill in Syria.” Henry Jackson Society. October 22, 2016. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/2016/10/21/russia-moves-in-for-the-kill-in-syria/

Orton, Kyle. “The Orton Report: ‘Martyr for the Cause.'” Henry Jackson Society. October 20, 2016. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/2016/10/20/martyr-for-the-cause/

Orton, Kyle. “Al-Qaeda in Syria and American Policy.” The Syrian Intifada. October 4, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/10/04/al-qaeda-in-syria-and-american-policy/https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/10/04/al-qaeda-in-syria-and-american-policy/

Orton, Kyle. “The Islamic State and Chemical Weapons.” The Syrian Intifada. September 30, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/09/30/the-islamic-state-and-chemical-weapons/

Orton, Kyle. “Abandoning Syria to Assad Helps Al-Qaeda.” The Syrian Intifada. September 23, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/09/23/abandoning-syria-to-assad-helps-al-qaeda/

Orton, Kyle. “Syria’s Flawed Ceasefire Comes Crashing Down.” The Syrian Intifada. September 21, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/09/21/syrias-flawed-ceasefire-comes-crashing-down/

Orton, Kyle. “Moscow Rules in Syria, Again.” The Syrian Intifada. September 11, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/09/11/moscow-rules-in-syria-again/

Orton, Kyle. “Fifteen Years After 9/11.” The Syrian Intifada. September 11, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/09/11/fifteen-years-after-911/

Orton, Kyle. “Provocation and the Islamic State: Why Assad Strengthened the Jihadists.” The Syrian Intifada. September 3, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/provocation-and-the-islamic-state-why-assad-strengthened-the-jihadists/

Orton, Kyle. “Obituary: Taha Falaha (Abu Muhammad al-Adnani).” The Syrian Intifada. August 31, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/08/31/obituary-taha-falaha-abu-muhammad-al-adnani/

Orton, Kyle. “Is the Islamic State About to Kill Itself?” The Syrian Intifada. June 7, 2016. https://kyleorton1991.wordpress.com/2016/06/07/is-the-islamic-state-about-to-kill-itself/

Malcom Nance

Mia Bloom

Bloom, Mia. “Constructing Expertise: Terrorist Recruitment and ‘Talent Spotting’ in the Pira, Al-Qaeda and ISIS.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism Volume 0, Issue 0. (2016).

Bloom, Mia. “Cubs of the Caliphate.” Foreign Affairs. July 21, 2015. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-07-21/cubs-caliphate

Bloom, Mia and Charlie Winter. “Depictions of Children and Youth in the Islamic State’s Martyrdom Propaganda, 2015-2016.” Combating Terrorism Center. February 18, 2016. https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/depictions-of-children-and-youth-in-the-islamic-states-martyrdom-propaganda-2015-2016

Michael Knights 

Knights, Michael. “Shiite Militias Are Crashing the Mosul Offensive.” Foreign Policy. November 18, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/11/18/shiite-militias-are-crashing-the-mosul-offensive/

Knights, Michael. “The Liberation of Mosul Will Go Better Than You Think.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. October 17, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-liberation-of-mosul-will-go-better-than-you-think

Nancy Youssef 

Youssef, Nancy. “U.S. Pushes Up Plan to Attack ISIS Capital to Stop Attacks in the West.” The Daily Beast. October 26, 20166. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/10/26/fearing-more-attacks-on-the-west-soon-u-s-to-speed-up-push-on-isis-capital.html?via=desktop&source=twitter

Youssef, Nancy. “U.S. May Have Killed Prisoners, Not Troops, in Syria Strike.” The Daily Beast. September 19, 2016. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/09/19/u-s-may-have-killed-prisoners-not-troops-in-syria-strike.html

Phillip Smyth

Smyth, Phillip. “Beware of Muqtada al-Sadr.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. October 19, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/beware-of-muqtada-al-sadr

Smyth, Phillip. “The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. February 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138-v3.pdf

Raphael Lefevre

Lefevre, Raphael. “No More ‘Hama Rules.'” Carnegie Middle East Center. September 19, 2016. http://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/64609

Rasha al Aqeedi

Al Aqeeda, Rasha. “The Once and Future Mosul.” The American Interest. September 26, 2016. http://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/09/26/the-once-and-future-mosul/

Sam Heller

Heller, Sam. “Keeping the Lights On in Rebel Idlib.” The Century Foundation. November 29, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/report/keeping-lights-rebel-idlib/

Heller, Sam. “Assad Will Talk, But He Won’t Negotiate.” Foreign Policy. November 22, 2016. https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/11/22/assad-will-talk-but-he-wont-negotiate/

Heller, Sam. “What It’s Like to Meet Assad in Damascus.” The Century Foundation. November 7, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/report/like-meet-assad-damascus/

Heller, Sam. “Failed Ceasefire Bonds Syrian Rebels and U.S. Government.” The Century Foundation. September 29, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/commentary/failed-ceasefire-bonds-syrian-rebels-u-s-government/

Heller, Sam. “Syria’s Rebels Lose a Symbolic Stronghold.” The Century Foundation. September 1, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/commentary/syrias-rebels-lose-symbolic-stronghold/

Heller, Sam. “In Syrian Proxy War, America Can Keep Its Hands Clean or It Can Get Things Done.” The Century Foundation. August 17, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/commentary/syrian-proxy-war-america-can-keep-hands-clean-can-get-things-done/

Heller, Sam. “Al Qaeda Quits Syria in Name Only.” The Century Foundation. July 29, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/commentary/al-qaeda-quits-syria-name/

Heller, Sam. “Are Syria’s Rebels at Al-Qaeda’s Mercy?” The Century Foundation. July 26, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/commentary/syrias-rebels-al-qaedas-mercy/

Heller, Sam. “Suppose America Gave a Proxy War in Syria and Nobody Came?” The Century Foundation. July 7, 2016. https://tcf.org/content/report/suppose-america-gave-proxy-war-syria-nobody-came/

Thanassis Cambanis

Cambanis, Thanassis. “Are We All Interventionists Now?” War on the Rocks. October 14, 2016. http://warontherocks.com/2016/10/are-we-all-interventionists-now/

Thomas Hegghammer

Thomas Joscelyn

Joscelyn, Thomas. “Islamic State continues to plot against the West, US military warns.” The Long War Journal. October 26, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/islamic-state-continues-to-plot-against-the-west-us-military-warns.php

Joscelyn, Thomas. “US has launched more than 300 airstrikes against the Islamic State in Sirte, Libya.” The Long War Journal. October 21, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/us-has-launched-more-than-300-airstrikes-against-islamic-state-in-sirte-libya.php

Joscelyn, Thomas. “Town of Dabiq falls to Turkish-backed forces.” The Long War Journal. October 17, 2016. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/10/town-of-dabiq-falls-to-turkish-backed-forces.php

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed and Thomas Joscelyn. “Rebranding Terror: Nusra’s Rebranding is Part of Al-Qaeda’s Plan.” Foundation for the Defense of Democracies. August 28, 2016. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/gartenstein-ross-daveed-rebranding-terror/

Thomas Badran

Badran, Thomas. “Obama’s Syria Policy Striptease.” Tablet. September 21, 2016. http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/213851/obamas-syria-policy-striptease?utm_content=buffer690e1&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

Will McCants

McCants, William. “Apocalypse delayed.” Brookings. October 17, 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2016/10/17/apocalypse-delayed/?utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=fp